The Test of Climate Justice

The United Nations Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage has approved US$20 million for flood-hit Nepal. Nepal is the first country to receive support from the fund, established to address harm caused by climate-related disasters. The decision has brought the debate over international climate justice back into focus. But it should not be viewed as a sufficient response. Compared with the scale of destruction and the cost of reconstruction, the allocation is very small.

The government estimates that reconstruction will require about US$4.7 billion. The approved amount is less than one percent of that need. Nepal must therefore secure substantially more support for relief and recovery. Announcing funding and delivering it to affected communities on time and transparently are not the same thing. Delays, unclear procedures and weak oversight could add to the hardship of disaster survivors.

Nepal contributes very little to global greenhouse gas emissions, yet climate change is having severe effects on its mountains, rivers, settlements and livelihoods. Rising temperatures, shrinking glaciers, erratic rainfall and fragile terrain are increasing the risks of floods, landslides and other disasters. It is unjust to leave the full cost of such losses to a country with limited resources and to the people directly affected.

Nepal must continue to press its case for climate justice in international forums, backed by evidence and a clear diplomatic strategy. Wealthier countries, whose emissions have contributed more to the climate crisis, should provide adequate, predictable support in the form of grants. Treating loans as climate assistance would add to the debt burden of countries already facing disaster. The loss and damage fund is meant to help address harm that cannot be prevented through mitigation or adaptation; its support must therefore reach affected countries without undue delay.

The government should publish a clear plan for how the approved funds will be used. Priorities should include relocating affected families where necessary, rebuilding damaged infrastructure, restoring livelihoods and reducing future disaster risks. Plans made without the participation of local governments and affected communities are unlikely to meet people’s needs. Regular public reporting and independent oversight are essential to ensure accountability.

The US$20 million allocation is necessary, but far from sufficient. Nepal should not treat it as the end of its efforts. The decision offers an opportunity to advance the global debate on responsibility for climate-related losses and compensation. The government must sustain its diplomatic efforts to secure further support and ensure that the funds received are used fairly and reach those who need them.